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Wet steam flow measurement scheme

Wet Steam - Introduction

Type of steam:

Saturated vapor When some of the water molecules in the gas phase change to a liquid state due to a change in temperature or pressure, the vapor is called "wet vapor" when it contains some water.

Completely gaseous water molecules are called "dry steam".

Saturated vapor is actually the critical point at which water molecules change from liquid to gas.

Causes of wet steam formation:

Steam is one of the most widely used secondary energy sources in production and life. Phase transformation is inevitable in the process of steam transportation and utilization.

For example, when steam is discharged from a heat source plant (station), it is superheated. Due to the natural heat dissipation of steam pipe, steam temperature decreases gradually with the increase of conveying distance. At the beginning, the superheat of steam decreases, but at a certain point, when the superheat drops to 0, the steam presents a critical saturation state. With the increase of transmission distance, the saturated steam turns into wet steam.

Wet vapors - Difficulty in measurement

The phase transition occurs in the process of transmission, so the density compensation cannot be carried out by the conventional method of temperature and pressure compensation.

The temperature of wet steam two-phase flow remains constant under certain pressure conditions, so it is difficult to directly measure humidity by combining temperature and pressure with gas state equation.

The density and enthalpy of wet steam will change with the change of humidity, so the accurate measurement of humidity is the key difficulty of wet steam measurement.

The state of water in steam

Wet steam - Principle of humidity measurement

Principle of vapor humidity measurement based on optical principle: Light will attenuate in the liquid phase particle medium of wet vapor, and the relation between humidity and attenuation is as follows

Φ:Humidity of wet steam two-phase flow IO:Attenuating prelight intensity I:Attenuated light intensity L:Optical path

Wet steam - Flow on-line measurement

Wet steam two-phase flow multi-parameter measurement solution, through the optical principle of humidity measuring device and general differential pressure or velocity flowmeter combination measurement to achieve humidity, mass flow and enthalpy comprehensive online measurement of wet steam.